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id21News - is the Newsletter of the id21 Development Research
reporting service, bringing you the latest and best UK-based development
research.

Welcome to id21News - the Newsletter of the id21 Development Research
reporting service, bringing you the latest and best UK-based development
research.

*** id21News Issue No. 50 March 2001 ***

CONTENTS
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LATEST FROM THE ID21 ON-LINE COLLECTION
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* Matching macro and micro: building bridges between policy and livelihoods
* Pro-poor tourism: putting poverty at the heart of mass tourism
* Fish farming: can aquaculture contribute to development ?
* From prejudice to policy reform: the rights of hunter-gatherers
* Beating the competition - success in Kenya's hotel furniture industry
* Civil regulation - new governance for the global economy?
* Communist v capitalist: is class an issue in the new Russia?
* Rhetoric or reality? Joint management of natural resources in India
* Tearing down fences - who benefits from biodiversity conservation?
* Prevention is cheaper than prosecution: record-keeping and crime control
in sub-Saharan Africa
* From peace to prosperity? Understanding changes in poverty in Uganda
* What cost growth? The effect of economic reform on India's poor
* Pros and cons of liberalisation - manufacturing in Tanzania
* Forest futures: improving institutions for better rural livelihoods
* Do fair trade partnerships work?

OTHER NEWS
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* Cotonou Infokit
* Bretton Woods Project
* The Global Digital Divide
* Risk awareness and decision making
* Communication for Change in a Globalised World
* In the wake of quakes, emotional aid proves hardest to deliver
* The Status of Sector Wide Approaches
* Can Indian villages be logged on to the infotech highway?

LATEST FROM THE ID21 ONLINE COLLECTION:
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(Click on the link to see the full piece in each case or contact the
originators using the contact details provided).

Matching macro and micro: building bridges between policy and livelihoods

In the search for effective policies to combat poverty, bridging the gap
between macro-level policy analysis and micro-level livelihoods analysis is
an essential task, but not an easy one. While top-down policy analysis often
ignores the realities of how policies affect people, bottom-up approaches
such as sustainable livelihoods analysis often generate information which is
too locally-specific to be useful in policymaking. An IDS paper examines the
challenges facing efforts to connect the two approaches, and proposes new
ways of identifying entry-points for policy-focused interventions to promote
sustainable livelihoods.
Alex Shankland - Institute of Development Studies (IDS), UK - 25 January
2001

http://www.id21.org/society/2aas1.html

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Further Information:
Alex Shankland, Participation Group, Institute of Development Studies,
University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9RE UK

Tel: +44 (0)1273 678646 Fax: +44 (0) 1273 621202 Email:
mailto:[email protected]

***

Pro-poor tourism: putting poverty at the heart of mass tourism

How does tourism affect the lives of the poor and what is the relevance of
tourism to the poverty agenda? What are the impacts (positive and negative)
and how can they be better understood? What factors encourage or constrain
economic participation of the poor in the tourist industry? Can tourism be
pro-poor? This ODI paper examines ways of putting poverty at the heart of
the tourism agenda, of promoting pro-poor tourism.
Caroline Ashley, Charlotte Boyd and Harold Goodwin - Overseas Development
Institute, UK - 24 January 2001

http://www.id21.org/society/2aCA1.html

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Further Information:
Caroline Ashley or Charlotte Boyd, Overseas Development Institute, 111
Westminster Bridge Road, London SE1 7JD UK
Tel: +44 (0)20 7922 0300 Fax: +44 (0)20 7922 0399 Email:
mailto:[email protected] / mailto:[email protected]

*****

Fish farming: can aquaculture contribute to development ?

Aquaculture is often viewed simply as the intensive culture of salmon and
shrimp providing high value products for luxury markets. It is often
associated with environmental degradation and its record for contributing to
rural development is poor, especially in Africa. Could aquaculture
contribute to the livelihoods of the poor, asks recent research by the Asian
Institute of Technology in Thailand?
Peter Edwards - Asia Institute of Technology, Thailand - 25 January 2001

http://www.id21.org/society/2aPE1.html

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Further Information:
Peter Edwards, Aquaculture and Aquatic Resources Management, School of
Environment, Resources and Development, Asian Institute of Technology, PO
Box 4, Klong Luang Pathumthani 12120 Thailand
Tel: 00 +66 (2) 524 5477 Fax: 00 +66 (2) 524 6200 Email:
mailto:[email protected]

***

From prejudice to policy reform: the rights of hunter-gatherers

Communities of present-day or former hunter-gatherers live in scattered
communities across the world, although their precise numbers and status are
uncertain. Their often marginalized status and ethnolinguistic diversity has
made it hard to articulate their case for land rights outside Australia and
North America. Hunter-gatherers' preferred subsistence strategy, hunting,
often comes into direct conflict with conservation philosophies and
protected areas often fall within traditional hunting grounds. An ODI paper
reviews their situation and asks, how best can hunter-gatherers' livelihoods
be incorporated into more conventional natural resource management
strategies?
Roger Blench - Overseas Development Institute. UK - 25 January 2001

http://www.id21.org/society/S2cRB2G1.html

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Further Information:
Overseas Development Institute, Rural Policy and Environment Group, 111
Westminster Bridge Road, London SE1 7JD UK
Tel: +44 (0)20 7922 0300 Fax: +44 (0)20 7922 0399 Email:
mailto:[email protected]

***

Beating the competition - success in Kenya's hotel furniture industry
Debate on African manufacturing tends to be pessimistic about local
producers' ability to compete against foreign rivals. Why then is Kenya's
hotel furniture industry flourishing? An Institute of Development Studies
working paper based on research carried out in 1997, shows that Kenya's
leading hotels source 95 per cent of their furniture from local
manufacturers. The study examines why and how the buyers (hotels and their
designers) help the manufacturers to produce customised furniture to
international quality requirements. The ability of local furniture
manufacturers to win business depends only in part upon their ability to
meet the required quality and price conditions; hotel buyers must also be
familiar with the capabilities of local producers.
Denise Schneider - - 25 January 2001

http://www.id21.org/society/7aDS1.html

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Further Information:
Denise Schneider PO Box 48886 Nairobi Kenya
Tel: + 254 2 862192 Fax: + 254 2 861643 Email:
mailto:[email protected]

****

Civil regulation - new governance for the global economy?
At the beginning of the 21st century relations between business and non
governmental organisations (NGOs) range from the strongly antagonistic to
the surprisingly collaborative. But how and why are some companies
collaborating with NGOs to promote sustainable development?
Jem Bendell 25 January 2001

http://www.id21.org/society/2cjb1.html

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Further Information:
Jem Bendell, 8 Shaftsbury Road, Brighton BN1 4NE UK
Tel: +44 (0) 1273 602529 Fax: +44 (0) 1273 602529 Email:
mailto:[email protected]

****

Communist v capitalist: is class an issue in the new Russia?

Western societies display strong associations between occupational class and
social and political differences. Is class an issue in the new Russia?
Research by Oxford University using survey data between 1993 and 1998
reveals pronounced and growing class differences in a number of areas. Yet,
most Russians, from whatever class have seen their situation eroded over
time. Public support has moved against pro-market policies and towards a
greater demand for government intervention.
Geoffrey Evans and Stephen Whitefield - Nuffield College, Oxford University,
UK - 25 January 2001

http://www.id21.org/society/8age1.html

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Further Information:
Geoffrey Evans, Nuffield College, Oxford University, Oxford OX1 1NF UK
Tel: +44 (0)1865 278500 Fax: +44 (0)1865 278621 Email:
mailto:[email protected]

*****

Rhetoric or reality? Joint management of natural resources in India

Policies promoting joint management (between the state and the users) of
natural resources such as forests or water are increasing in India and
elsewhere: decentralised administration has advantages that are tempting.
However, joint management, implying as it does a redistribution of power,
is profoundly political.
Sharachchandra Lele - - 30 January 2001

http://www.id21.org/society/s2csl1g1.html

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Further Information:
Sharachchandra Lele, Ecological Economics, Unit Institute for Social and
Economic Change, Nagarabhavi Bangalore 560072 India
Fax: +91 80 321 70008 Email: mailto:[email protected]

*****

Tearing down fences - who benefits from biodiversity conservation?
How can conservation be combined with development? Conservation used to mean
putting up fences and introducing fines. Today, a more positive approach
has been adopted, which includes generating income in ways that do not
threaten biodiversity. How successful has this approach been?
David Brown - Overseas Development Institute, UK - 30 January 2001

http://www.id21.org/society/s2cld1g8.html

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Further Information:
David Brown Overseas Development Institute 111 Westminster Bridge Road
London SE1 7JD UK
Tel: +44 (0)207 922 0300 Fax: +44 (0)207 922 0399 Email:
mailto:[email protected]

*****

Prevention is cheaper than prosecution: record-keeping and crime control in
sub-Saharan Africa
How are poor record keeping and bad financial management connected? Is the
one a symptom of the other? To what extent does accurate financial
information prevent corruption and fraud? An International Records
Management Trust study examined the link between record management and
financial accountability in sub-Saharan Africa. How do different record
keeping systems reflect government and donor agency strategies for
financial control and accountability? Are they related to success in
reducing economic crime?
Anne Thurston - International Records Management Trust, (IRMT), UK - 9
February 2001

http://www.id21.org/society/S8aat1g1.html

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Further Information:
Anne Thurston, International Records Management Trust, 12 John Street,
London WC1N 2EB UK
Tel: +44 (0) 171 831 410 Fax: +44 (0) 171 831 7404 Email:
[email protected]

*****

From peace to prosperity? Understanding changes in poverty in Uganda
Does political and economic stability improve people's livelihoods and their
quality of life? Does stability increase the success of development
projects? Uganda has recently enjoyed a period of relative economic calm,
leading researchers from the University of Bath to ask: how have poverty
reduction programmes fared during this time? How far is success dependent on
local conditions?
Philippa Bevan, Christopher Heady, T. Nyanzi - Department of Economics and
International Development, University of Bath, UK - 13 February 2001

http://www.id21.org/society/S5aCh1G1.html

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Further Information:
Philippa Bevan, Department of Economics and International Development,
University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY,UK
Tel: +44 (0) 1225 826497 Fax: +44 (0) 1225 826381 Email:
mailto:[email protected]

******

What cost growth? The effect of economic reform on India's poor
Macroeconomic crisis led to India's initiation of wide ranging economic
reforms in 1991. To what extent have these reforms, aimed at accelerating
economic growth, adversely affected the poor? Have they increased poverty
and inequality? An Institute of Development Studies working paper looks at
poverty levels before and after the reform programme. Whilst rural and urban
poverty levels declined overall pre-reform, this decline slowed down or
reversed post-reform. What poverty reducing measures would succeed in the
context of India's economic reform programme?
K.N. Ninan - - 13 February 2001

http://www.id21.org/society/S7aKn1G1.html

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Further Information:
K.N. Ninan, Institute for Social and Economic Change, Nagarbhavi P.O,.
Bangalore 560072, India
Fax: +91 80 3217008 Email: mailto:[email protected]

******

Pros and cons of liberalisation - manufacturing in Tanzania
The effect of Tanzania's wide-ranging economic reforms on the performance of
its manufacturing industries has been the focus of debate. How far have
protectionist policies of the pre-liberalisation era rendered domestic firms
vulnerable to increased competition? Has the removal of market distortions
facilitated greater long-term efficiency? Research by the University of
Nottingham finds that the effects of trade liberalisation on Tanzania's
manufacturing sector have been diverse. The impact of trade liberalisation
is determined mainly by firms' export-orientation, and the strength of
competition from imports.
Oliver Morrissey - School of Economics and CREDIT, University of Nottingham,
UK - 13 February 2001

http://www.id21.org/society/S7bom1g1.html

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Further Information:
Oliver Morrissey, School of Economics and CREDIT, University of Nottingham,
Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
Tel: +44 (0)115 951 5475 Fax: +44 (0)115 951 4159 Email:
mailto:[email protected]

*****

Forest futures: improving institutions for better rural livelihoods
How can forest-based livelihoods best be improved? Key constraints lie in
the institutional environment - in the relationships between and within the
forest department, forest users and the political environment. This Overseas
Development Institute paper focuses on the Western Ghats Forestry Project
(WGFP) in Karnataka, India, to illustrate the processes involved and the
problems of supporting change within the institutional environment in which
rural livelihoods are formed.
Mary Hobley and Dermot Shields - - 13 February 2001

http://www.id21.org/society/S2aMH1G1.html

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Further Information:
Mary Hobley and Dermot Shields, Glebe House, Thorncombe Chardd, Somerset
TA20 4NE UK
Email: mailto:[email protected]

******

Do fair trade partnerships work?
How effective are partnerships between fair trade organisations and
producers? Do both sides have the same expectations of and priorities for
these partnerships? Research by the University of Bradford reviews how fair
trade, as practiced by alternative trading organisations (ATOs), evolved
during the 1990s from a solidarity to a partnership model. A case study
approach explores how effectively one such partnership is working, and
highlights the factors required for partnership to succeed.
Anne Tallontire - Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, UK
- 13 February 2001

http://www.id21.org/society/s7bAt1G1.html

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Further Information:
Anne Tallontire, Social and Economic Development Department, Natural
Resources Institute, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB UK
Fax: +44 (0)1634 883865 Email: mailto:[email protected]

*****

OTHER NEWS:
---------------------

Cotonou Infokit

One of the outcomes of the European Centre for Development Policy
Management's 1995-1996 consultations on the future of the Lomé Convention
was the recognition that information on ACP-EU cooperation is difficult to
find. For most people, the Lomé Convention was a 'mystery.' Part of the
problem was inadequate access to existing information. This Cotonou Infokit,
named for the new Partnership Agreement signed in June 2000 by 77 ACP
(African, Caribbean, and Pacific) countries and 15 EU member states is
designed for policy makers, practitioners and interested stakeholders in ACP
and EU countries. The Cotonou Infokit brings together, in a readable form,
basic information on the new Cotonou Partnership Agreement.

http://www.oneworld.net/ecdpm/en/cotonou/index.htm

http://www.oneworld.net/ecdpm/

Further information:
ECDPM, Onze Lieve Vrouweplein 21, 6211 HE Maastricht, the Netherlands
Email: mailto:[email protected] Fax: +31 (0)43 350 2902

****

Bretton Woods Project
Bretton Woods Project was established by a network of UK NGOs to monitor the
World Bank and IMF. The Project's reports and free bi-monthly bulletin
Bretton Woods Update aim to clarify current issues and provide links to
campaigners and researchers worldwide. The latest issue of the bulletin is
available online or by subscription.

http://www.brettonwoodsproject.org/update/index.html

http://www.brettonwoodsproject.org/subscribe/index.html

Further information:
mailto:[email protected]

*******

The Global Digital Divide
The G8 countries have expressed concern about the global digital divide, the
expanding gap between the haves and have-nots in information communication
technology (ICT). They have appointed a taskforce and asked it to make
proposals on how to bridge this divide. A special web-site Dotforce
provides a space where everyone in the UK can share their ideas and
expertise.

http://www.oneworld.net/dotforce

******

Risk awareness and decision making
This workshop, hosted by the Coventry Centre for Disaster Management at
Coventry University, aims to explore the relationship between disasters and
development. It takes place on 28th April 2001.

http://www.coventry.ac.uk/

Further information
Les Moseley
Email: mailto:[email protected]

****

Communication for Change in a Globalised World
The waves of privatization and pressures toward liberalized trade that have
marked the world economic order at the turn of the 21st century have also
shaped the world media order. But the media industry is not only affected by
these trends, it is also a potential instrument to combat the poverty and
inequity that continue to plague so many of the world's people. In this
special report, MediaChannel affiliates explore the threats and
opportunities of broadcasting in a globalized world and describe projects
that serve as models and inspiration.

http://www.mediachannel.org/atissue/development/index.html

http://www.mediachannel.org/

******

In the wake of quakes, emotional aid proves hardest to deliver
New tremors rock the sub-continent while aid agencies and health workers are
still struggling to tackle quake trauma, especially in children. Unicef
explains how the emotional after-effects of a disaster are much harder to
identify and address than immediate relief needs.

http://www.unicef.org/newsline/01pr17.htm

Further information:
Liza Barrie, Chief, UNICEF Media, New York, US
Tel: +01 (212) 326-7593 Email: mailto:[email protected]
Jehane Sedky-Lavandero, UNICEF Media, New York, US
Tel +01 (212) 326-7269 Email: mailto:[email protected]
Lynn Geldof, UNICEF Media, Geneva, Switzerland
Tel (41 22) 909-5531 Email: [email protected]

********

The Status of Sector Wide Approaches
This Working Paper from the UK Overseas Development Institute summarises
experiences with sector programmes and the Sector Wide Approach to date.

http://www.odi.org.uk/publications/summwp142.html

Further information
Overseas Development Institute, 111 Westminster Bridge Road, London SE1 7JD
Tel:+44 (0)20 7922 0300 Fax:+44 (0)20 7922 0399 Email:
mailto:[email protected]

******

Can Indian villages be logged on to the infotech highway?
Can information really become a development tool for Indian villages which
hardly even have electricity? This report from India's Centre for Science
and the Environment surveys the issues that matter at the grassroots.

http://www.cseindia.org/html/dte/dte20010215/dte_analy.htm

Further information:
Centre for Science and Environment, 41, Tughlakabad Institutional area, New
Delhi - 110062. India
Tel: 91-11-6086399, 6083394, Fax: 91-11-6085879, Email:
mailto:[email protected]

********

ID21News Issue No. 50 March 2001

The ID21 online collection contains hundreds of policy-relevant research
digests on critical global development issues, drawn from over 40 major
UK-based economics and social studies departments and think-tanks, together
with a wide range of NGO research departments and consultants. This
Newsletter brings you regular updates of the latest additions to the
collection. To see the whole collection visit our Web-site at:
http://www.id21.org

Please forward this newsletter to other interested colleagues.

Created by the ID21 Team:
Alistair Scott - Programme Manager
Isabel Vogel - Programme Officer
Louise Daniel - Editor
Sandra Baxter - Administrator

ID21 is enabled by the UK Department for International Development and
hosted by the Institute of Development Studies at the University of Sussex.
If you have any problems or queries contact us at: [email protected]

Views expressed in this newsletter are not necessarily those of id21 or
other contributing institutions. Unless stated otherwise articles may be
copied or quoted without restriction, provided id21 and originating
author(s) and institution(s) are acknowledged. Copyright 2001 id21.

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