Food and nutrition security for Africa must be achieved because it is a human right as well as a moral and socioeconomic imperative. The highest-priority actions are raising agricultural productivity; fostering pro-poor economic growth through improved access to markets, better infrastructure, and greater trade competitiveness; building institutional and human capacity; improving nutrition and health with due attention to HIV/AIDS; and strengthening governance. All of these require added resources, but the benefits of food and nutrition security outweigh the resource needs. This is according to the draft outcome document of the Conference on Assuring Food and Nutrition Security in Africa by 2020 held from 1-3 April 2004. It presents recommendations on the steps necessary for moving toward the goal of assuring food and nutrition security in Africa by 2020.