UNICEF’s State of the World’s Children report for 2005 focuses on how poverty, conflict and HIV/AIDS threaten children around the globe. Since the adoption in 1989 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child – a landmark human rights treaty spelling out the basic rights that children everywhere have – there have been significant gains in fulfilling children’s rights to survival, health and education. But more than a billion children living in poverty around the world are still at risk. For hundreds of millions of children the promise of childhood that undergirds the Convention already appears broken as poverty, armed conflict and HIV/AIDS threaten their survival and development. The report concludes by calling on all stakeholders – governments, donors, international agencies, as well as communities, families, business and individuals – to reaffirm and recommit to their moral and legal responsibilities to children.