The Council of Europe has adopted an optional Protocol to update the European Convention on Cybercrime. The protocol criminalises the dissemination of racist and xenophobic material through computer systems. It also makes it an offence for sites to deny, minimise, approve of or justify crimes against humanity, in particular acts during the Second World War. For any act to be an offence under the Protocol, it must be done intentionally. This should prevent service providers who unknowingly host such material being guilty of an offence. The aim of the Protocol is to harmonise international cooperation in this area, as various EU States have already introduced anti-racism legislation. The Protocol has a way to go before it could become law, and many have expressed doubts over its possible effectiveness because the Bush administration in the US has announced that they will not support it.