Illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing is increasingly affecting the fisheries revenues of developing countries. The global cost of IUU fishing practices is estimated to be in excess of US$ 2.4 billion annually, about US$900 million for sub-Saharan Africa alone. Research by the Marine Resources Assessment Group, UK, which reviewed the impact of IUU fishing on developing countries, found that the level of IUU fishing was inversely correlated with their state of governance. IUU fishing in sub-Saharan Africa primarily affects tuna fisheries in east African states and mixed fisheries in west African states. West Africa, the Mozambique Channel, Somalia and central Africa are particular problem areas: targeting relatively modest funds here could significantly increase government incomes from fishing, improve livelihoods and contribute to food security, although the income increase might not always equate to the full value of the IUU catch.