Although the mining industry is an important economic sector in many developing countries, it has been heavily criticised by many non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and civil society organisations for its impacts on the environment, human rights and social protection. The mining industry has recognised that these criticisms threaten its 'social licence to operate', and may lead to certain areas or even whole countries being 'off limits' to the industry. One part of the industry's response has been to develop environmental and social codes of conduct.