Most young people learn about sexuality and HIV/AIDS in school. Giving teenage pupils space to explore, debate and ask questions is just as important as checking that they know how HIV is transmitted and avoided. Can teachers help in the fight against AIDS and gender stereotypes? A chapter in a book from Oxfam GB analyses two HIV programmes in schools in South Africa and Mozambique. The author argues that using the classroom to encourage young people to consider issues of sexuality and gender requires techniques that go beyond the training generally given to teachers.