Prepared by Louis-Dominique Ouédraogo this publication contributes in raising awareness on the potential role of open source software (OSS) for the achievement of specific objectives set in the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and the Plan of Action adopted in 2003 by the World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS). From the summary: There is a wide consensus that the use of ICT can foster the implementation of development goals in general and those of the Millennium Development Goals in particular.