In 2004, the Tanzanian government launched its Tanzania National Voucher Scheme (TNVS). The scheme aimed to subsidise the cost of anti-malaria nets for pregnant women and children across the country. But has the implementation of the scheme so far been equitable? This study used a case study approach to analyse the power relations between key implementers of the scheme and the mothers served in four rural district health facilities in Namtumbo and Mbinga districts.