Indigenous and tribal children are identified as a group at particular risk of ending up in child labour, according to a recent working paper from the International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour (IPEC). Current child labour and education initiatives tend to “forget” indigenous concerns and priorities unless safeguard mechanisms are included to ensure indigenous-driven decision-making. Some education programmes may even enhance vulnerability rather than prevent or eliminate child labour. The author argues for a rights-based approach, which emphasizes the right of indigenous and tribal peoples to determine appropriate development and education solutions.