This guide, published by the Swedish Association for Sexuality Education (RFSU), provides a comprehensive introduction to the political debate surrounding sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR). It discusses the changes in the approach to population issues that emerged from the 1994 International Conference on Population and Development, emphasising the conference's explicit recognition of reproductive rights as human rights. Countries pledged to reduce maternal mortality, fight HIV and AIDS, and improve people's sexual and reproductive health and rights. The guide discusses the controversy over the goals that were adopted and the reservations expressed by many countries.