Thirteen African countries have, or should have attained Universal Primary Education (UPE) by the target date of 2015, but 31 African countries will not have reached the goal unless they change their education policies. This is according to a United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) report that supports the "Dakar+5" Africa Forum organised by UNESCO's Regional Office for Education in Africa. Those countries lagging behind in achieving universal education should base their policies on programmes that have proved effective in other African nations. Successful projects entail reform of key elements of education policy, including better distribution of educational funding, regulating the flux of pupils, improving the recruitment, training and remuneration of teaching staff.