The purpose of the paper is to understand the causes of policy reform in Tanzania. It covers the time period from the beginning of the severe economic crisis in Tanzania in 1979 up to the present, but to put this in perspective it also briefly outlines the policies pursued before that. The study investigates how aid has encouraged, generated, influenced, supported or even retarded reforms.

Uganda's reform program has been one of the most successful in Sub Saharan Africa since the mid-1980s. From an early stance of rejection (1986) and reluctance (1987-1992) the government moved to a situation of full ownership of market-based reforms. The government has achieved both stabilization and substantial control of the economy.

DISCOVERY-NETWORK is a daily update on human rights and democratic development of the Institute of Human Rights and Humanitarian Law based in Port Harcourt, Nigeria.

A group of NGOs including Amnesty have called on the international community to "turn principles into practice", as Mary Robinson highlighted in her opening statement to the UN Commission on Human Rights. The case of Togo, which has systematically violated international human rights standards, will be a test case for whether the Commission on Human Rights can put effective action before
political interests.